Kirchhoff’s second law “in any closed circuit or mesh, the algebraic
sum of all the electromotive forces and the voltage drops is equal to zero”
That means Algebraic sum of e.m.f.s+ Algebraic sum of
voltage drops=0
Sign of e.m.fs and
voltage drops: while applying Kirchhoff’s second law to a closed circuit,
algebraic sums are considered. Therefore, it is very important to assign proper
signs to e.m.fs and voltage drop in the closed circuit .for this I give here a
short trick
1. The sign of e.m.f. is independent of the direction of
current through that branch.
If current through an element of a circuit we take the
positive sign if the current entering this element and took the negative if
current exit from this element.
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